o
o
o o
o
o
o
o
o o
o o
o o
o o
o
o o
o
the length of all segments is equal
the diameter may change
method: 1-D lumped model, axi-symmetric, elastic tube, form of
velocity profile fixed (not ampliture), non-linear,
coupling at junctions using characteristics, conservation of mass
and continuity of pressure
animations show waves through three levels of segments in a row, segments
start and end at multiples of 0.05
Animation 1: long wave, non- reflecting BC at the end
Animation 2: shorter wave, fixed pressure BC at the end,
showing transient at start-up
Animation 3: longer wave, fixed BC at the end, slight average pressure
difference inlet-outlet, showing transient at start-up
Animation 4: longer wave, fixed BC at the end, slight average pressure
difference inlet-outlet, showing the effect of mistakes at the junctions